BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Human Rights researchers are confronted with growing amounts of materials related to human rights. This bibliography attempts to organize the information and materials into categories in order to ease that burden. While no bibliography can be completely comprehensive, this work attempts to cover the major bodies and sources, including electronic sources such as the Internet.

When possible, this bibliography follows the citation forms suggested by The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (Harvard Law Review et al. comps., 15th ed. 1991). The citation form for U.N. documents varies from The Bluebook in order to follow the symbol assigned by the U.N.

A. COMPILATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS

1. United Nations (U.N.)

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/1/Rev.5, U.N. Sales No. E.94.XIV.1 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 950 pp., 2 vols. Includes texts of 95 human rights instruments principally adopted by the U.N., the ILO, and UNESCO; dates of their entry into force; and a list of instruments in chronological order of adoption. Volume I, in two parts, addresses universal instruments. Although Volume I mentions a Volume II on regional instruments, Volume II does not exist yet in published form.]

Note: Several compilations of U.N. and other human rights instruments are now located in electronic collections, for example, through the World Wide Web. Please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography.

2. International Labour Organisation (ILO)

International Labour Office, International Labour Conventions and Recommendations, 1919-1991 (1992).

[Geneva: International Labour Office, 1481 pp., 2 vols.]

International Labour Office, Summaries of International Labour Standards (1988).

[Washington, D.C.: International Labour Office, 126 pp.]

International Labour Organisation, Constitution of the International Labour Organisation and Standing Orders of the International Labour Conference (1989).

[Geneva: International Labour Office, 87 pp. ILO constitution, rules, and information on practice/procedure. Updated periodically.]

International Labour Organisation, LABORLEX-ILOLEX.

[Varying starting dates. Available on CD-ROM, distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers. This trilingual database (English, French, and Spanish) includes ILO conventions, ILO recommendations, the Annual Report of the Conference Committee on the Application of Standards (1987-present), Comments of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (1987-present), the Triennial Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association (1985-present), ratification lists by convention and by country, the ILO Constitution, and the reports of committees and commissions established under Constitution Articles 24 and 26 to investigate complaints and representations.]

3. U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

UNESCO, Executive Board, Decisions Adopted By the Executive Board at Its 104th Session, 104 EX/Decision 3.3 (1978).

[Paris: UNESCO, 6 pp. Sets forth UNESCO procedures in human rights cases.]

UNESCO, UNESCO'S Standard-Setting Instruments (1981- ).

[Paris: UNESCO, looseleaf. Includes the full text of the standard setting instruments.]

4. U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Basic Documents on International Migration Law (Richard Plender ed., 1988).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 411 pp. Provides full texts or excerpts of 77 instruments concerning migration and a list of states parties to each instrument.]

Benjamin Mulamba Mbuyi, Refugees and international law (1993).

[Scarborough, Ontario: Carswell Thompson Canada Limited, 677 pp. Text in English and French. Contains texts of instruments concerning refugees, bibliographical references, and index.]

Office of the UNHCR, Collection of International Instruments Concerning Refugees, U.N. Doc. HCR/IP/1/Eng (7th ed. 1990).

[Geneva: UNHCR, 335 pp. Provides universal instruments (part one), regional instruments (part two), and dates of entry into force.]

Office of the UNHCR, Conclusions on the International Protection of Refugees Adopted by the Executive Committee of the UNHCR Programme, U.N. Doc. HCR/IP/2/Eng/REV.1991 (1991).

[Geneva: UNHCR, 103 pp. A copy of conclusions through 1994 in xerox form may be obtained from the Washington Liaison Office of the UNHCR.]

Office of the UNHCR, Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status Under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (rev. ed. 1992).

[Geneva: UNHCR, 93 pp. Revision of the 1979 edition. Explains terms and procedures for determining refugee status. Annexes contain full texts or excerpts of international instruments related to refugees.]

Office of the UNHCR, United Nations Resolutions and Decisions Relating to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, U.N. Doc. HCR/INF.49 (1984- ).

[Geneva: UNHCR, looseleaf, 185 pp. Contains texts of resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council relating to the Office of the UNHCR. Updated periodically by addenda.]

UNHCR, REFWORLD.

[Contains information on refugees worldwide. Organizes information under five main menus: Publications,Law, Reference, UNHCR, and Country. Available on Internet:

http://www.unicc.org/unhcrcdr

The law section contains the text of the Refugee Convention and international caselaw. REFWORLD is updated daily. The REFWORLD CD-ROM contains more information and will be updated on a quarterly basis. See ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography for more information.]

5. Council of Europe

J.C. Alderson, Human Rights and the Police (1984).

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe, Directorate of Human Rights, 207 pp. Contains Council of Europe guidelines for police.]

Ralph Beddard, Human Rights and Europe 241-70 (3d ed. 1993).

[Cambridge: Grotius Publications Ltd., 278 pp. Annex contains the texts of the European Convention on Human Rights and Protocols 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.]

Council of Europe, Collection of Recommendations, Resolutions and Declarations of the Committee of Ministers Concerning Human Rights, 1949-87 (1989).

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe; Croton, NY: Manhattan Pub. Co., distributor, 214 pp.]

Council of Europe, European Convention on Human Rights: Collected Texts=Convention européenne des droits de l'homme: recueil des textes (1987).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 236 pp. Contains texts of the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols; rules of procedure of the European Commission, the Court of Human Rights, and the Committee of Ministers; and various human rights instruments from other organs of the Council of Europe. Includes signatures, ratifications, declarations, and reservations concerning the European Convention and its Protocols.]

Council of Europe, Human Rights in International Law: Basic Texts (2d ed. 1992).

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press, Directorate of Human Rights, 465 pp.]

Council of Europe, European Convention on Human Rights: Collected Texts, 33A Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights 274-283 (1994).

[The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 283 pp. Includes the text of Protocol No. 11 in English and French (in appendix one).]

European Convention on Human Rights: Texts and Documents (Herbert Miehsler & Herbert Petzold eds., 1982).

[Köln: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2 vols., collection in the official languages. Volume one contains texts of European Convention on Human Rights and other European treaties, including U.N. documents. Volume two includes documents of the Council of Europe and the European Community.]

Protocol No. 11 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, restructuring the control machinery established thereby, 15 Hum. Rts. L.J. 86 (1994).

[Kehl; Arlington, VA: N.P. Engel, 29 July 1994. Article includes the text of Protocol No. 11, explanatory report, and speeches made for the signing ceremony.]

A.H. Robertson & J.G. Merrils, Human Rights in Europe: A Study of the European Convention on Human Rights, 386-413 (3d ed. 1993)

[Manchester: Manchester University Press, 422 pp. Annex provides the texts of the convention and its protocols. Also includes a table of ratifications and acceptances by member states (status as of 1 January 1992).]

Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights (1955/1957- ).

[The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., annual, v. 1- , volume one contains the text of the convention; later volumes contain the protocols as promulgated. Includes status, ratifications, signatures, and reservations information.]

6. Organization of African Unity (OAU)

The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3/Rev.5 (1981), reprinted in 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986.

Documents of the Organization of African Unity (Gino J. Naldi ed., 1992).

[London; New York: Mansell, 246 pp. Contains several important human rights documents including the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, 1982 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, 1988 Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, and 1990 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.]

Munyonzwe Hamalengwa et al., The International Law of Human Rights in Africa: Basic Documents and Annotated Bibliography (1988).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 427 pp.]

Human Rights and Development in Africa 317-39 (Claude E. Welch, Jr. & Ronald I. Meltzer eds., 1984).

[Albany: State University of New York Press, 349 pp. Includes African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights; concordance of basic human rights in the Banjul Charter and other major human rights treaties; and major African conferences on human rights, 1961-1981 (locations, dates, and sources).]

Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 9 Hum. Rts L.J. 326 (1988).

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, U.N. Doc. HR/PUB/09/1 (1990).

[New York: U.N. Centre for Hum. Rts., 51 pp. Contains the Charter and Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. An annex contains a list of countries that have signed, ratified, or acceded to the Charter.]

Note: Several compilations of African human rights instruments are now located in electronic collections, for example, through the World Wide Web. Please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography.

7. Organization of American States (OAS)

OAS, Basic Documents Pertaining to Human Rights in the Inter-American System, updated to July 1992, OAS Doc. No. OEA/Ser.L./V/11.82, doc. 6 rev. 1 (1992).

[Washington, DC: General Secretariat, OAS, 181 pp. Provides texts of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man; American Convention on Human Rights with information on its current status; Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty; Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture; the statute and regulations of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights; the statute and rules of procedure of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights; list of publications of the Commission; and a model complaint.]

Human Rights: The Inter-American System (Thomas Buergenthal & Robert E. Norris eds., 1982- ).

[Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., looseleaf. Contains texts of basic documents: OAS Charter, American Convention on Human Rights and its legislative history, related Inter-American conventions, statutes, rules, decisions, advisory opinions and resolutions of the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights, OAS General Assembly resolutions, selected findings of country reports, and annual reports. Includes status information for instruments, bibliographies, and indexes by case number, country, right, article of instrument, topic, and victim's name. Most recent update issued in November 1993.]

Thomas Buergenthal et al., Protecting Human Rights in the Americas: Selected Problems 323-86 (2d ed. 1986).

[Kehl; Arlington, VA: N.P. Engel, 389 pp. Provides texts of basic documents and a model complaint form. Third edition forthcoming.]

Daniel Zovatto, Los Derechos Humanos en el Sistema Interamericano: Recompilaciòn de Instrumentos Basicos (1987).

[San Jose, Costa Rica: Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, 357 pp. Spanish compilation of declarations, regulations, statutes, and treaties of Inter-American bodies. Includes a list of OAS resolutions concerning human rights and chronological index.]

Note: Several compilations of Inter-American human rights instruments are now located in electronic collections, for example, through the World Wide Web. Please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography. In particular, see the OAS web site at http://www.oas.org and the University of Minnesota Human Rights Library at http://www.umn.edu/humanrts.

8. Humanitarian Law

Documents on the Laws of War (Adam Roberts & Richard Guelff eds., 2d ed. 1989).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 509 pp. Comprehensive and annotated.]

Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts: Manual (The Federal Ministry of Defense of the Federal Republic of Germany ed., 1992).

[Bonn: German Ministry of Defense, 154 pp. English version of the German tri-service manual (issued August 1992), ZDv 15/2 Humanitaeres Voelkerrecht in bewaffneten Konflikten: Handbuch.]

International Committee of the Red Cross, International Law Concerning the Conduct of Hostilities: Collection of Hague Conventions and Some Other Treaties (1989).

[Geneva: ICRC, 195 pp.]

International Committee of the Red Cross, International Red Cross Handbook (13th ed. 1994).

[Geneva: ICRC, 961 pp. Paperback.]

International Committee of the Red Cross, Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (1977).

[Geneva: ICRC, 134 pp. Includes texts of Protocols, resolutions of the Diplomatic Conference, and extracts from the Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference.]

International Committee of the Red Cross, Summary of the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 and Their Additional Protocols (1983).

[Geneva: ICRC, 22 pp. In small booklet form.]

The Laws of Armed Conflicts: A Collection of Conventions, Resolutions and Other Documents (Dietrich Schindler & Jiri Toman 3d rev. ed. 1988).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 1033 pp. Scientific Collection of the Henry Dunant Institute.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments 685-943, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/1/Rev.5, U.N. Sales No. E.94.XIV.1 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 950 pp., 2 vols. Volume I, Part 2 contains texts of instruments pertaining to humanitarian law.]

Note: Several compilations of humanitarian law instruments are now located in electronic collections, for example, through the World Wide Web. Please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography. In particular, see the International Committee of the Red Cross web site at http://www.icrc.ch and the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies web site at http://www.ifrc.org.

9. Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (Previously known as the Conference on Security and Co-Operation in Europe, change effective January 1995.)

Giovanni Barberini, Codice della Conferenza sulla Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa/C.S.C.E. Documents (1990).

[Napoli: Edizion Scientifiche Italiane, 853 pp. Bilingual in Italian and English. Contains the texts of basic documents: Final Act, concluding documents of the Belgrade, Madrid, and Vienna conferences, rules of procedure of the CSCE, various meeting reports, and major U.N. human rights instruments (appendix).]

The Challenges of Change: The Helsinki Summit of the CSCE and its Aftermath, 385-446 (Arie Bloed ed., 1994).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 463 pp. Annex contains the text of CSCE Helsinki Document 1992: The Challenges of Change (Helsinki Declaration) and Helsinki Decisions.]

The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe: Analysis and Basic Documents, 1972-1993 (Arie Bloed ed., 2d ed. 1993).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 1337 pp. Revised edition of From Helsinki to Vienna (1990).]

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe: Final Act, 73 Dep't St. Bull. 323-50; 14 I.L.M. 1292-1325 (1975).

Alexis Heraclides, Helsinki-II and its Aftermath: The Making of the CSCE into an International Organization 209-64 (1993).

[London; New York: Pinter Publishers; distributed in the U.S. by St. Martin's Press, 274 pp.]

Human Rights, European Politics, and the Helsinki Accord: The Documentary Evolution of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1973-75 (Igor I. Kavass et al. eds., 1981).

[Buffalo, NY: W.S. Hein, 6 vols.]

Human Rights, the Helsinki Accords, and the United States: Selected Executive and Congressional Documents (Igor I. Kavass & Jacqueline P. Granier eds., reprint ed., 1982).

[Buffalo, NY: W.S. Hein, 9 vols.]

Amnesty International, Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE): The Road to Helsinki II (AI Index: IOR 52/01/92) (1992).

[London: AI, 25 pp. Appendix 2 contains: Extracts From The Document of the Moscow Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE adopted October 3, 1991.]

U.S. Congress, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE (1990).

[Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 24 pp.]

Collection of Human Rights Documents of the European Community and its Member States (1992).

[Netherlands: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 193 pp.]

Note: Several compilations of OSCE instruments are now located in electronic collections, for example, through the World Wide Web. Please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography. In particular, see the University of Minnesota Human Rights Library at http://www.umn.edu/humanrts/ which contains several OSCE full text instruments.

10. United States

Note: For texts of many recently ratified treaties, see also International Legal Materials (I.L.M.), listed in the HUMAN RIGHTS CASE LAW/OTHER section of this bibliography. If the text of a treaty cannot be found in the following sources, contact the Assistant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, U.S. Department of State, 2201 C Street N.W., Washington, DC 20520.

Human Rights Documents: Compilation of Documents Pertaining to Human Rights (1983).

[Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 774 pp. (98th Cong., 1st Sess., Committee Print) Includes U.S. laws containing human rights provisions. For an update of this compilation, see U.S. Legislation Relating Human Rights to U.S. Foreign Policy, listed below.]

International Human Rights Instruments: A Compilation of Treaties, Agreements and Declarations of Especial Interest to the United States (Richard B. Lillich ed., 2d ed. 1990- ).

[Buffalo, NY: W.S. Hein, looseleaf. Texts of over 40 key human rights treaties and agreements concluded through the U.N., OAS, ILO, and other international bodies. Includes related reservations, declarations, U.S. action, bibliographies, and citations to U.S. cases in which the instruments have been invoked.]

International Human Rights Law Group, U.S. Legislation Relating Human Rights to U.S. Foreign Policy (4th ed. 1991).

[Buffalo, NY: W.S. Hein, 186 pp.]

Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy: Report and Recommendations: 1988 Project 58-60 (1988).

[New York: Lawyers Committee, 68 pp. Contains citations to primary statutes and programs.]

U.S. Dept. Of State, Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1, [date] (1929- ).

[Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. This official annual publication addresses bilateral agreements (Part I) and multilateral treaties (Part II). Part I arranges bilateral agreements by country and subject, while Part II arranges multilateral treaties by subject and includes lists of States parties.]

11. Other Collections

Amnesty International, Ethical Codes and Declarations Relevant to the Health Professions (3d rev. ed. 1994)(AI Index: ACT 75/01/94).

[London: AI, 124 pp.]

APCDOC: Documents from the World Conference on Human Rights (WCHR) (1993).

[Hannover, Germany: APC/Comlink. Set of computer diskettes containing documents from the Second World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna (1993), including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and other major documents from the conference.]

Basic Documents on Human Rights (Ian Brownlie ed., 3d ed. 1992).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press, 631 pp.]

Center for the Study of Human Rights, Twenty-Five Human Rights Documents (1995).

[New York: Columbia University. Replaces Twenty-Four Human Rights Documents (1992).]

Munyonzwe Hamalengwa et al., The International Law of Human Rights in Africa: Basic Documents and Annotated Bibliography (1988).

[Dordrecht: Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 427 pp.]

Human Rights Sourcebook (Albert P. Blaustein et al. eds., 1987).

[New York: Paragon House Publishers, "A Washington Institute Book," 970 pp. Contains texts of major human rights instruments and related documents such as procedural rules for enforcement, national constitutional provisions, statutes, and cases.]

International Human Rights: Documents and Introductory Notes (Felix Ermacora et al. eds., 1993).

[London: Sweet & Maxwell, published by Manz for Law Books in Europe, Vienna, Austria, 343 pp.]

International Human Rights: Documentary Supplement (Richard B. Lillich & Hurst Hannum eds., 1995).

[Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 238 pp. Documentary supplement to the 1995 (3d ed.) of International Human Rights, Problems of Law, Policy, and Practice. Includes major U.N. human rights treaties, the three regional human rights treaties, several other international human rights instruments, two U.S. statutes concerning foreign assistance and human rights, and a model communication.]

Daniel O'Donnell, Proteccion Internacional De Los Derechos Humanos (2d ed. 1989).

[Lima, Peru: Comision Andina De Juristas, 752 pp. Compilation of instruments in Spanish.]

Maxime E. Tardu, Human Rights: The International Petition System (1979- ).

[Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., looseleaf, 3 vols. Last update issued August 1985.]

United Nations, Compendium of United Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, U.N. Doc. ST/CSDHA/16 (1992).

[New York: U.N., 278 pp.]

B. STATUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS

The principal compilations of human rights instruments listed above often include the ratification status of the instruments. Listed below are the two major sources on the status of U.N. human rights instruments only. The other sources provide information on the status of several international human rights conventions and instruments.

1. Sources on the Status of U.N. Human Rights Instruments

U.N., Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General: Status as at 31 December 1995, U.N. Doc. ST/LEG/Ser.E/14, U.N. Sales No. F.95.V.5.

[New York: U.N., 1024 pp. (1982- ) Published annually. Includes the texts of declarations and reservations made by States parties. Addresses U.N. and League of Nations treaties. This publication is also available on the World Wide Web, please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography.]

U.N., Human Rights. International Instruments. Chart of Ratifications as at 30 June 1995, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/4/Rev.12 (1995).

[New York: U.N., 11 pp. This chart lists 25 major U.N. human rights instruments horizontally, at the top, and countries in alphabetical order along the vertical margins. Various symbols indicate the status of the instruments for each state. For each instrument the total number of States parties and the number of signatures not followed by ratification are listed. This source updates the chart of ratifications included with Human Rights: Status of International Instruments (1987), listed below, and does not contain texts of declarations and reservations.]

2. Other Sources

Commission on Human Rights, Fiftieth Session, Status of the International Covenants on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1995/79 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 16 pp.]

Committee Against Torture, Status of the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Reservations, Declarations and Objections Under the Convention, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/2/Rev.3 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 37 pp.]

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Status of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Reservations, Withdrawals, Declarations and Objections Under the Covenant, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1993/3 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 26 pp.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Other Matters. Declarations, Reservations, Objections and Notifications of Withdrawal of Reservations Relating to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/SP/1994/2 (1993).

[Geneva: U.N., 54 pp.]

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Declarations, Reservations, Withdrawals of Reservations and Objections to Reservations and Declarations Relating to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/60/Rev.2 (1993).

[Geneva: U.N., 47 pp.]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, Reservations, Declarations and Objections Relating to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/2/Rev.3 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 40 pp.]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and Status of the Submission of Reports Under Article 44 of the Convention, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/36 (1994).

[Geneva, U.N., 8 pp.]

Human Rights Committee, Reservations, Declarations, Notifications and Objections Relating to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Optional Protocols Thereto, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/2/Rev.4 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 139 pp.]

International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977: Ratifications, Accessions and Successions as at 31 December 1994, Doc. No. DDM/JUR 95/3032 - CPS 14 (1995).

[Geneva: ICRC, 8 pp.]

International Labour Office, Lists of Ratifications by Convention and by country (as at 31 December 1994) (1995).

[Geneva: International Labour Office, Report III (Part 5) of the 82nd Session of the International Labour Conference; Third Item on the Agenda; Information and Reports on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, 283 pp. Part one contains a list of ratifications by convention with dates of entry into force, names of States parties, and dates of registration of ratification (with notes on conditional ratification or denunciation of conventions). Part two lists ratified conventions and conventions in force by country, noting each country's date of ILO membership. Also lists, by session, conventions adopted and the total number of ratifications to date.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Human Rights: Status of International Instruments, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/5, U.N. Sales No. E.87.XIV.2 (1987).

[New York: U.N., 336 pp. Lists 22 major U.N. human rights instruments and includes the ratification status, declarations, reservations, objections by States parties, and notes for each instrument. It is updated by Human Rights. International Instruments. Chart of Ratifications as at 30 June 1995, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/4/Rev.12, (New York: U.N., 11 pp.). This periodic update includes 25 major U.N. human rights instruments and indicates the status of the instruments for each state. Neither publication includes the full text of the treaties.]

UNESCO, The Division of Human Rights and Peace, Human Rights: Major International Instruments, Status as of March 31, 1993 (1993).

[New York: UNESCO, 31 pp.]

UNHCR, International Instruments: Status of Ratifications of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol, 13 Refugee Survey Quarterly 89-94 (Spring 1994).

[Geneva: UNHCR, status as of March 20, 1994.]

World Conference on Human Rights, Status of International Human Rights Instruments as of May 30, 1993 (1993).

[Vienna: U.N., 9 pp.]

C. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS

Marc J. Bossuyt, Guide to the "Travaux Préparatoires" of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1987).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 851 pp.]

Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (Bruno Simma ed., 1994).

[Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1258 pp. English translation revises and updates the original German edition, Charta der Vereinten Nationen: Kommentar (1991), with most of the articles updated to November 1993.]

Collected Edition of the "Travaux Préparatoires" of the European Convention on Human Rights=Recueil des travaux préparatoires de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme (1975-1985).

[The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 8 vols.]

The Collected Travaux Préparatoires of the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Alex Takkenberg & Christopher C. Tahbaz eds., 1990).

[Amsterdam: Dutch Refugee Council, 3 vols.]

International Committee of the Red Cross, Commentary on the Geneva Conventions of 12 August, 1949 Series (Jean S. Pictet ed.,

1952-).

[Geneva: ICRC, 4 vols. Titles include:

I Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1952);

II Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1960); III Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1960); and IV Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civillian Persons in Time of War (1958).]

Lars A. Rehof, Guide to the Travaux Préparatoires of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1993).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 385 pp.]

Nehemiah Robinson, Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: Its History, Contents and Interpretation (1953).

[New York: Institute of Jewish Affairs, 238 pp.]

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Guide to the Travaux Préparatoires (Sharon Detrick comp. & ed., 1992).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 712 pp.]

Albert Verdoodt, Naissance et Signification de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de L'Homme (1964).

[Louvain-Paris: Editions Nauwelaerts, 356 pp.]

Paul Weis, The Refugees Convention, 1951: The Travaux Préparatoires Analysed (1995).

[Cambridge, England; New York: Grotius Publications, 383 pp. Volume seven of the Cambridge International Document Series. Published under the auspices of the Refugee Studies Programme, University of Oxford.]

D. HUMAN RIGHTS CASE LAW, JURISPRUDENCE, DECISIONS, AND DIGESTS

1. U.N.

Commission on Human Rights, Report on the . . . Session, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/[year of the session]/[#].

[New York: U.N. Covers the Commission's resolutions and decisions (e.g., Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Fifty-First Session, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1995/176 (1995)). Another significant document is the Annotated Agenda, issued several weeks before each session listing issues and documents to be considered; ordinarily identified by the symbol: U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/[year of the session]/1/Add.1.]

Committee Against Torture, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Mauritius: U.N. Doc. CAT/C/24/Add.3 (1995)).]

Committee Against Torture, Decisions, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of communication] ([year]).

[Decisions are admissibility determinations of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 22/1995, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/14/D/22/1995 (1995)).]

Committee Against Torture, Report of the Committee Against Torture, U.N. Doc. [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 44), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/44 ([year]).

[New York: U.N. (Note: the supplement number for the forty-third, forty-fourth, and forty-sixth sessions is not 44, but 46.) Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Contains conclusions and recommendations adopted by the Committee, reports by States parties, parties ratified, an overview of activities of the Committee, as well as several annexes including a list of States and status of submission of reports (e.g., Report of the Committee Against Torture, 49 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 44), U.N. Doc. A/49/44 (1994)).]

Committee Against Torture, Views, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of communication] ([year]).

[Views are determinations by the Committee on the merits of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 6/1990, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/14/D/6/1990 (1995)).]

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, U.N. Doc. [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 18), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/18 ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Contains consideration of reports, decisions, opinions, status information, and summary of the activities of the Committee (e.g., Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 49 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 18), U.N. Doc. A/49/18 (1995)).]

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by the States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Sri Lanka: U.N. Doc. CERD/C/234/Add.1 (1994)).]

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Decisions, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of initial submission] ([year]).

[Decisions are admissibility determinations of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 5/1994, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/46/D/5/1994 (1995)).]

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Opinions, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of submission] ([year]).

[Opinions are determinations by the Committee on the merits of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 3/1991, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/44/D/3/1991 (1994)).]

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: Official Records: Decisions, U.N. Doc. CERD/SP/40.

[New York: U.N. Contains Committee decisions.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, U.N. Doc. [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 38), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/38 ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Contains conclusions and recommendations adopted by the Committee, reports of States parties, parties ratified, overview of the activities of the Committee, as well as several annexes including a list of ratifications and status of submission of reports (e.g., Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, 50 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 38), U.N. Doc. A/50/38 (1995)).]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, The Work of CEDAW: Reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Vol. 1, 1982-1985, Vol. 2, 1986-1987, U.N. Doc. ST/CSDHA/5 (1989), U.N. Sales No. E.89.IV.4.

[New York: U.N., 752 pp. Contains reports of the Committee and the summary records.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/[country abbrev.]/SP.1 ([year]).

[Concluding observation of the Committee for each report submitted by States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Croatia: U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/CRO/SP.1 (1994)).]

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties Under Articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/[year]/[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Uruguay: U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1994/3 (1994)).]

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. E/[year]/[#] and E/C.12/[year]/[#] ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Contains draft decisions recommended for adoption, submission and consideration of reports by States parties, and several annexes (e.g., Report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. E/1994/23 and E/C.12/1993/19 (1994)).]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, Compilation of the Conclusions and Recommendations Adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/19/Rev.2 (1994).

[Provides the text of the conclusions and recommendations adopted by the Committee. Includes information about activities and relations with other U.N. organs and human rights treaty bodies.]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Colombia: CRC/C/15/Add.30 (1995).]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, Report of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, U.N. Doc. [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 41), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/41 ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Contains conclusions and recommendations adopted by the Committee, reports by States parties, ratifications, an overview of the activities of the Committee, as well as several annexes including a list of States parties and status of submission of reports (e.g., Report of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, 49 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 41), U.N. Doc. A/49/41 (1994)).]

General Assembly, Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly During the First Part of its . . . Session. [New York: U.N. A massive press release of each mid-January containing resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly for the session just concluded in December. The press release is not an official U.N. record, but it is the most comprehensive account of the General Assembly's actions until the official records are issued many months later. One volume of the official records contains the resolutions and decisions. That volume ordinarily has the same title as indicated above with the following document symbol: A/[session no.]/[supplement no.]. (e.g., General Assembly, Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly During the First Part of its Forty-Eighth Session, Volume I: 21 September - 23 December 1993, 48 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49), U.N. Doc. A/48/49 (1994)).]

Human Rights Committee, Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 40 of the Covenant, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/[#]/Add.[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for the United States: U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.50 (1995)).]

Human Rights Committee, Decisions, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of submission] ([year]).

[Decisions are admissibility determinations of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 525/1993, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/53/D/525/1993 (1995)).]

Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 24 on Issues Relating to Reservations Made Upon Ratification or Accession to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in Relation to Declarations Under Article 41 of the Covenant, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 8 pp.]

Human Rights Committee, General Comment on Article 18 of the Covenant, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/48/CRP.2/Rev.1 (1993).

[New York: U.N., 5 pp.]

Human Rights Committee, General Comments Adopted by the Human Rights Committee Under Article 40, Paragraph 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (up to April 1989), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1 (1989) and CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.1,2, and 3.

[New York: U.N., 25 pp. Compilation of comments by the Human Rights Committee to assist States parties in fulfilling their reporting obligations pursuant to the articles of the Covenant.]

Human Rights Committee, Report of the Human Rights Committee, U.N. Doc. [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 40), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/40 ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Decisions of the Human Rights Committee on cases submitted under the Optional Protocol to the Civil and Political Covenant. Also includes the general comments of the Committee on the meaning of various Covenant provisions, communications, decisions, and views (e.g., Report of the Human Rights Committee, 49 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 40), U.N. Doc. A/49/40 (1994)).]

Human Rights Committee, Selected Decisions Under the Optional Protocol (Second to Sixteenth Sessions), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/OP/1 (1985).

[New York: U.N., 1985, 167 pp. Reprint of selected decisions and views. Includes an index by article of the Covenant and the Optional Protocol.]

Human Rights Committee, Selected Decisions Under the Optional Protocol (Seventeenth to Thirty-Second Sessions), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/OP/2 (1990).

[New York: U.N., 1990, 246 pp., second compilation. Reprint of selected decisions and views. Includes an index by articles of the Covenant and Optional Protocol, author, and victim.]

Human Rights Committee, Views, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of submission] ([year]).

[Views are determinations by the Committee on the merits of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 514/1992, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/53/D/514/1992 (1995)).]

Human Rights Committee, Yearbook of the Human Rights Committee 1987, U.N. Doc. CCPR/6.

[New York: U.N., 1977- . Published in two volumes with about a seven-year time lag. Volume I contains summary records and volume II contains States' periodic reports and the annual report of the Committee.]

International Human Rights Instruments, Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 (1994).

[107 pp., July 29, 1995. Compilation of the general comments of adopted by the Human Rights Committee, the general comments adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the general recommendations adopted by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, and the general recommendations adopted by the Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.]

Anjali V. Patil, The U.N. Veto in World Affairs, 1946-1990: Complete Record & Case Histories/Veto in Security Council (1992).

[Sarasota, FL: UNIFO Publishers, 559 pp. Included resolutions and decisions adopted by the Security Council (1946-1990). Fiche inserted in pocket.]

Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Report of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on its . . . Session (1946- ).

[Geneva: U.N. E/CN.4/[year]/[#] and E/CN.4/Sub.2/[year]/[#]. Reports of the Sub-Commission's resolutions and decisions (e.g., Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Report of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on its Forty-Sixth Session, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1995/2, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/56 (1995)). Another significant document is the Annotated Agenda, issued several weeks before each session listing issues and documents to be considered; ordinarily identified by the symbol: E/CN.4/Sub.2/[year of the session]/1/Add.1.]

U.N., Yearbook on Human Rights (1946- ).

[New York: U.N. (annual 1946-72, biennial 1973- ). Extracts of selected reports on national human rights developments, texts of relevant decisions, and descriptions of human rights activities including the specialized agencies of the U.N.: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), ILO, UNESCO, and World Health Organization (WHO). The most recent Yearbook, published in 1989, covers 1984.]

2. ILO

International Labour Office, Freedom of Association: A Workers' Education Manual (2d rev. ed. 1987).

[Geneva: International Labour Office, 149 pp. Revises Freedom of Association: Digest of Decisions and Principles of the Freedom of Association Committee of the Governing Body of the ILO (1985).]

International Labour Office, Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (1994).

[Geneva: International Labour Office, 558 pp. (1936- ). Published annually as Report III (Part 4A) Third item on the agenda: Information and reports on the application of Conventions and Recommendations. Provides observations on reports submitted by governments indicating their compliance with ILO conventions and recommendations. The Committee of Experts, established each year by the International Labour Conference, held its 82nd session in 1995.]

ILO, Official Bulletin (1919- ).

[Geneva: International Labour Office. Published three times a year. Contains Committee on Freedom of Association Reports (cases and recommendations).]

ILO, Labour Law Documents (1990-1996).

[Geneva: International Labour Office. Published three times a year. Arranges materials under "international" and "national" sections. Includes texts of ILO conventions and recommendations, indices of cases handled by ILO supervisory bodies, and lists of current legislation obtained from the LABORLEX database, see supra cite in COMPILATIONS/ILO, or refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section below. Also provides principal national laws and regulations concerning labor and social security. This set was formerly called Legislative Series. In 1996 the print version will no longer be published. The LABORLEX database (ILOLEX and NATLEX) will provide this information.]

3. Council of Europe and European Union

1 Vincent Berger, The Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights: 1960-1987 (1989).

[Sarasota, FL: UNIFO Publishers, 478 pp. Summarizes cases and includes brief bibliographies and notes on domestic changes influenced by the cases. Appendices include a bibliography, text of the European Convention on Human Rights, and ratification information.]

2 Vincent Berger, The Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights: 1988-1990 (1992).

[Sarasota, FL: UNIFO Pub., 310 pp.]

British Institute of Human Rights, Human Rights Case Digest (1990- ).

[London: Sweet & Maxwell.]

Chart Showing Signatures and Ratifications of Council of Europe Conventions and Agreements (1960- ).

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press. Published in English and French.]

Collection of Recommendations, Resolutions and Declarations of the Committee of Ministers Concerning Human Rights, 1949-87 (1989).

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe; Croton, NY: Manhattan Pub. Co., distributor, 214 pp.]

Collection of Resolutions Adopted by the Committee of Ministers in Application of Articles 32 and 54 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1959-1983 (1984).

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe; Croton, NY: Manhattan Pub. Co., distributor, 149 pp. Provides a list of resolutions under Article 32 (on pages 7-9) and a list of decisions under Article 54 (on page 10). Updated by supplements.]

Council of Europe, Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights (1955/57- ).

[The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Pub. (vol. 1- ). Part One provides texts of Protocols to the European Convention, instruments, ratifications, reservations, procedures of the Commission and Court of Human Rights, and descriptions of related activities of the Council of Europe. Part Two contains texts of European Commission decisions, statistical charts, summaries of judgments of the Court, and related resolutions of the Committee of Ministers. Part Three covers measures implementing the Convention by governments, the Council of Europe, and the European Communities.]

Digest of Strasbourg Case-Law Relating to the European Convention on Human Rights (1984-1985).

[Köln: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 6 vols. Updated by volumes containing looseleaf supplements.]

Christiane Duparc, The European Community and Human rights (1993).

[Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 61 pp. Provides a brief introduction to the European Community's efforts to protect human rights and discusses human rights provisions in the treaties establishing the European Communities, and human rights in the Community's external policy. An annex includes texts containing commitments made by the Community, and its Member States.]

European Commission of Human Rights, Decisions and Reports=Décisions et rapports (1975- ).

[Strasbourg: European Commission of Human Rights. Continues Collection of Decisions with indices, but lags several years behind; 1994 volume covers 1989.]

European Commission of Human Rights, Stock-Taking on the European Convention on Human Rights: A Periodic Note on the Concrete Results Achieved Under the Convention: The First Thirty Years: 1954 Until 1984 (1984).

[Strasbourg: European Commission of Human Rights, 333 pp. Updated by yearly supplements through 1988. Briefly presents information on the procedures of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers, a summary of decisions of those bodies between 1954 and 1984 relating to construction of the European Human Rights Convention, statistics on the disposition of cases, and an index by principal Convention article with a listing of cases.]

European Court of Human Rights, Publications of the European Court of Human Rights=Publications de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme.

[Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Series A (1974- ) contains the official texts of judgments and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights; each decision is numbered and separately published, but with no index. Series B (1965- ) contains oral arguments, pleadings, and documents. The Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights, listed below, often includes summaries of decisions of the Court of Human Rights. A bi-monthly unofficial periodical, European Law Review, also contains summaries of European Court of Human Rights decisions.]

European Law Center, European Human Rights Reports [EHRR]

(1979-)(unofficial).

[London: Sweet & Maxwell. Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (1960- ), selected decisions of the Commission of Human Rights, and resolutions of the Committee of Ministers. As of volume five, part 18, provides summaries and extracts of resolutions of the Committee of Ministers and decisions of the Commission with headnotes and cross-references to European Commission cases. Also includes decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (OAS). The Reports are available on LEXIS under EURCOM/CASES or INTLAW/ECCASE (library/file).]

Reports of Cases Before the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance (1990- ).

[Luxembourg: Court of Justice of the European Communities. From 1959-1989, published as Reports of Cases Before the Court. Available on LEXIS under EURCOM/CASES or INTLAW/ECCASE (library/file).]

4. OAS

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (1975- ).

[Washington, D.C.: General Secretariat, OAS. Covers activities of the Commission, resolutions on the cases decided by the Commission during the year, updates on human rights situations in several countries, and new instruments in the Inter-American human rights system. (e.g., OAS Doc. No. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.88 Doc. 9 rev. (1995), 344 pp.)]

Human Rights: The Inter-American System (Thomas Buergenthal & Robert Norris eds., 1984- ).

[Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., looseleaf.]

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Ten Years of Activities, 1971-1981 (1982).

[Washington, D.C.: OAS, 403 pp. Collection of decisions and activities of the Inter-American Commission providing easy access to the jurisprudence of the Commission.]

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Annual Report of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (1979- ).

[Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Court of Human Rights. (e.g., OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/III.31 Doc. 9 (1994).)]

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Series A: Judgments and Opinions (1982- ); Series B: Pleadings, Oral Arguments and Documents

(1983- ); and Series C: Decisions and Judgments (1987- ).

[San Jose, Costa Rica: Court Secretariat. Separate paperback pamphlets in English and Spanish.]

Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights=Anuario Inter-Americano de Derechos Humanos (1968- ).

[Washington, D.C.: General Secretariat, OAS (1968-84); Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub. (1985- ). Provides background information on the Inter-American system for the protection of human rights, bodies involved, and key instruments. Includes texts of instruments, status information, statutes, procedural rules, relevant resolutions, and discussion of human rights practices in selected OAS countries.]

International Human Rights Reports [IHRR] (1994- ).

[Nottingham, U.K.: University of Nottingham (vol. 1- , no. 1- , 1994- ), published three times a year. Covers judgments and opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.]

Richard J. Wilson, Researching the Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: A Litigator's Perspective; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: Individual Case Resolutions, 10 Am. U. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 1-331 (1994).

[An introduction and comprehensive index to case reports of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.]

5. Other

Human Rights & Peace Law Docket (5th ed. 1995).

[Berkeley, CA: Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute [MCLI]. Includes civil, criminal, immigration, and administrative cases, reported and unreported. Updated biennially.]

International Law Reports (1919/22- ).

[London: Butterworth & Co. Vols. 1-16 published under the title Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases. Contains decisions of international law tribunals and municipal courts.]

International Legal Materials [ILM] (1962- ).

[Washington, D.C.: American Society of International Law (vol.1- ). Reports significant decisions and instruments on many issues, including human rights, with annual indices; indexed by LEGALTRAC; and also available on LEXIS (INTLAW/ILM) (1975- )and WESTLAW (ILM database)(1980- ).]

International Court of Justice, Recueil de Arrêts, Avis Consultatifs et Ordonnances = Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders (1947-).

[The Hague: International Court of Justice. Published in both French and English. Judgments are available on WESTLAW (INT-ICJ database).]

International Court of Justice, Yearbook (1947- ).

[The Hague: International Court of Justice. Contains summaries of judgments, advisory opinions and orders of the court as well as summaries of the court's work and biographies of the judges.]

Note: Researchers should also consult references in chapters 11 and 12 of this book for U.S. cases relating to international human rights.

E. RULES OF PROCEDURE AND GUIDELINES

Committee Against Torture, General Guidelines Regarding the Form and Contents of Periodic Reports to be Submitted by States parties Under Article 19, Paragraph 1, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/14 (1991).

[Geneva: U.N., 2 pp.]

Committee Against Torture, Rules of Procedure, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/3/Rev.1 (1989).

[Geneva: U.N., 38 pp.]

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Revised General Guidelines Regarding the Form and Contents of Reports to be Submitted by States Parties Under Article 16 and 17 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1991/1 (1991).

[Geneva: U.N., 22 pp.]

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Rules of Procedure of the Committee, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1990/4/Rev.1 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 16 pp.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Draft Rules of Procedure of the Meeting of the States Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/SP/2/Rev.1 (1982).

[Geneva: U.N., 4 pp.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Guidelines Regarding the Form and Content of Initial Reports of States Parties, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/7/Rev.1 (1995).

[Geneva: U.N., 3 pp.]

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Revised General Guidelines Concerning the Form and Contents of Reports by States Parties Under Article 9, Paragraph 1 of the Convention, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/70/Rev.1 (1983).

[Geneva: U.N., 8 pp.]

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Rules of Procedure of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/35/Rev.3 (1986).

[New York: U.N., 33 pp.]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, Provisional Rules of Procedure, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/4 (1991).

[Geneva: U.N., 18 pp.]

Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Guidelines Regarding the Form and Content of Initial Reports to be Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/5 (1991).

[Geneva: U.N., 7 pp.]

Economic and Social Council, Rules of Procedure of the Functional Commissions of the Economic and Social Council, U.N. Doc. E/5975/Rev.1 (1983).

[New York: U.N., 19 pp.]

Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Rules of Procedure, Thirty-seventh session, U.N. Doc. A/AC.96/187/Rev.3 (1986).

[Geneva: U.N., 24 pp.]

General Assembly, Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly, U.N. Doc. A/520/Rev.13 (1979).

[New York: U.N. 84 pp. Embodies amendments and additions adopted by the General Assembly up to 31 December 1978.]

Human Rights Committee, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Guidelines Regarding the Form and Contents of Periodic Reports from States Parties, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/20/Rev.2 (1995).

[Geneva: U.N., 3 pp.]

Human Rights Committee, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Rules of Procedure of the Human Rights Committee, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/3/Rev.3 (1994).

[Geneva: U.N., 23 pp.]

International Labour Office, Manual on Procedures Relating to International Labour Conventions and Recommendations, Doc. No. D.31.1965 (Rev.1984) (1984).

[Geneva: ILO, 34 pp.]

Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 9 Hum. Rts L.J. 326 (1988).

F. RESEARCH GUIDES ON THE SIX MAJOR HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS

The research guides in this section represent the six most important human rights instruments and provide an outline to the documentation for the researcher.

1. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), December 16, 1966, 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No.16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force March 23, 1976.

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), December 16, 1966, 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 59, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 302, entered into force March 23, 1976.

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, G.A. res. 44/128, Annex, 44 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 207, U.N. Doc. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force July 11, 1991.

A. Status

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Human Rights: Status of International Instruments, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/5, U.N. Sales No. E.87.XIV.2 (1987).

[New York: U.N., 336 pp. Lists 22 major U.N. human rights instruments and includes the ratification status, declarations, reservations, objections by States parties, and notes for each instrument. It is updated by Human Rights. International Instruments. Chart of Ratifications as at 30 June 1995, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/4/Rev.12, New York: U.N., 11 pp.). This periodic update includes 25 major U.N. human rights instruments and indicates the status of the instruments for each state. Neither publication includes the full text of the treaties.]

U.N., Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General: Status as at 31 December 1994, U.N. Doc. ST/LEG/Ser.E/13, U.N. Sales No. E.95.V.5 (1995).

[New York: U.N., 1024 pp. (1982-). Published annually. Provides the status of each treaty mentioned and includes the text of declarations and reservations made by States parties. Does not include the full text of the treaties. This publication is also available on the World Wide Web, please refer to the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography.]

B. Reservations, Declarations, and Objections

[139 pp., August 24, 1994. Lists the States that have signed, ratified, or acceded to the convention; provides the full text of the declarations, reservations, and objections; and provides notification of withdrawals of reservations, and objections to reservations and declarations.]

C. Status of Reports

International Human Rights Instruments, Status of the International Human Rights Instruments and the General Situation of Overdue Reports, U.N. Doc. HRI/MC/1994/3 (1994).

[10 pp., August 15, 1994. Updated information on the status of seven instruments including, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women; the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment; and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Also includes the general situation of overdue reports.]

D. Decisions, Jurisprudence, and Reports

1. Comments

[25 pp., May 19, 1989 (plus addenda). Compilation of comments by the Human Rights Committee to assist States parties in fulfilling their reporting obligations pursuant to the articles of the Covenant.]

International Human Rights Instruments, Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 (1994).

[107 pp., July 29, 1995. Compilation of the general comments adopted by the Human Rights Committee.]

Human Rights Committee, Consideration of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 of the Covenant, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/[#]/Add.[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for the United States: U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.50 (1995)).]

2. Decisions under First Optional Protocol

Human Rights Committee, Selected Decisions Under the Optional Protocol (Second to Sixteenth Sessions), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/OP/1 (1985).

[New York: U.N., 1985, 167 pp. Reprint of selected decisions and views. Includes an index by article of the Covenant and the Optional Protocol.]

Human Rights Committee, Selected Decisions Under the Optional Protocol (Seventeenth to Thirty-Second Sessions), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/OP/2 (1990).

[New York: U.N., 1990, 246 pp., second volume. Reprint of selected decisions and views. Includes an index by article of the Covenant, the Optional Protocol, author, and victim.]

Human Rights Committee, Decisions, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of submission] ([year]).

[Decisions are admissibility determinations of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 525/1993, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/53/D/525/1993)(1995)).]

Human Rights Committee, Views, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of submission] ([year]).

[Views are determinations by the Committee on the merits of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 514/1992, U.N. Doc., CCPR/C/53/D/514/1992 (1995)).]

Human Rights Committee, Report of the Human Rights Committee, [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 40), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/40 ([year]).

Human Rights Committee, Yearbook of the Human Rights Committee 1987, U.N. Doc. CCPR/6.

[New York: U.N., 1977-. Published in two volumes with about a seven-year time lag. Volume 1 contains summary records and volume II contains States' periodic reports and the annual report of the Committee.]

E. Legislative History ("Travaux Préparatoires")

Marc J. Bossuyt, Guide to the "Travaux Préparatoires" of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1987).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 851 pp.].

F. Rules of Procedure and Guidelines

Human Rights Committee, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Rules of Procedure of the Human Rights Committee, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/3/Rev.3 (1994).

[23 pp., May 24, 1994. Contains information on the Committee sessions; distribution of reports, and other official documents; the conduct of business; and functions of the Committee.]

Human Rights Committee, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Guidelines Regarding the Form and Contents of Periodic Reports from States Parties, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/20/Rev.2 (1995).

[3 pp., April 28, 1995. Guidelines to be followed by States parties in preparation of the initial reports.]

G. Commentaries

1. Books

The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Louis Henkin ed., 1981).

[New York: Columbia University Press, 523 pp.]

Dominic McGoldrick, The Human Rights Committee (1991).

[Oxford: Clarendon; New York: Oxford University Press, 576 pp.].

Manfred Nowak, U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary (1993).

[Kehl; Arlington, VA: N.P. Engel, 947 pp.]

The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal (Torkel Opsahl, "The Human Rights Committee," chapter 10) (Philip Alston ed., 1992).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press, 765 pp.]

2. Articles

Hilary Charlesworth, The Human Rights Committee: Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 13 Austl. Y.B. Int'l. L. 177 (1993).

Hilary Charlesworth, The First Optional Protocol (to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 65 Law Inst. J. 1018 (1991).

Dana D, Fischer, Reporting Under the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: The First Five Years of the Human Rights Committee, 76 Am. J. Int'l. L. 142 (1982).

Rosalyn Higgins, Admissibility Under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1991 Can. Hum. Rts. Y.B. 57 (1991).

Ved P. Nanda, The United States Reservation to the Ban on the Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders: An Appraisal Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Symposium: The Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 42 DePaul L. Rev. 1311 (1993).

Aryeh Neier, Political Consequences of the United States Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Symposium: The Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 42 DePaul L. Rev. 1209 (1993).

Frank C. Newman, United Nations Human Rights Covenants and the United States Government: Diluted Promises, Foreseeable Futures (Symposium: The Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 42 DePaul L. Rev. 1241 (1993).

Michael O'Flaherty, The Reporting Obligations Under Article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Lessons to be Learned from Consideration by the Human Rights Committee of Ireland's First Report, 16 Hum. Rts. Q. 515 (1994).

Torkel Opsahl, The Coexistence Between Geneva and Strasbourg Inter-Relationship of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and Their Respective Organs of Implementation, 1991 Can. Hum. Rts. Y.B. 151 (1991).

Michael H. Posner & Peter J. Spiro, Adding Teeth to United States Ratification of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: The International human Rights Conformity Act of 1993 (Symposium: The Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 42 DePaul L. Rev. 1209 (1993).

John Quigley, The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Supremacy Clause (Symposium: The Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 42 DePaul L. Rev. 1287 (1993).

John Quigley, Criminal Law and Human Rights: Implications of the United States Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 6 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 59 (1993).

Markus G. Schmidt, The U.N. Human Rights Committee: Process and Progress, 5 Hum. Rts. F. 31 (1995).

David P. Stewart, United States Ratification of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: The Significance of the Reservations, Understandings, and Declarations (Symposium: The Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), 42 DePaul L. Rev. 1183 (1993).

Nadine Strossen, United States Ratification of the International Bill of Rights: A Fitting Celebration of the Bicentennial of the U.S. Bill of Rights, 24 U. Tol. L. Rev. 203 (1992).

Walter S. Tarnolpolsky, The Canadian Experience with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Seen from the Perspective of a Former Member of the Human Rights Committee, 20 Akron L. Rev. 611 (1987).

Alfred M. de Zayas, The Follow-Up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee, 1991 Int'l. Commission Jurists Rev. 28 (1991).

David Weissbrodt, United States Ratification of the Human Rights Covenants, 63 Minn. L. Rev. 35 (1978).

H. Practice Guides

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, United Nations Action in the Field of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/2/Rev.4 at 25, 45, 69, and 314; U.N. Sales No. E.94.XIV.11 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 417 pp.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights: the Human Rights Committee (1991).

[Geneva; New York: Centre for Human Rights, 36 pp ., Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 15.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights/UNITAR, Manual on Human Rights Reporting Under Six Major International Human Rights Instruments, U.N. Doc. HR/PUB/91/1 at 79, U.N. Sales No. E.91.XIV.1 (1991).

[New York: U.N., 203 pp.]

Leo Zwaak., International Human Rights Procedures: Petitioning the ECHR, CCPR and CERD (1991).

[Nijmegan; Netherlands: Ars Aequi Libri, 168 pp.]

I. Materials Available Through Electronic Formats

1. Specific Gopher and Web Sites

United Nations Gopher, Press Releases, SG Statements and Messages -- Human Rights Committee

gopher://gopher.undp.org:70+/11/uncurr/press_releases/

Provides background releases from the Committee (HR/CT/ documents).

2. General Human Rights Gopher and Web Sites

University of Minnesota Human Rights Library

http://www.umn.edu/humanrts/

Provides the full text of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well as other international instruments, links to related Internet sites, general comments of the Human Rights Committee, views and decisions of the Committee, and other human rights information.

Summary of United Nations Agreements on Human Rights

http://www.traveller.com/~hrweb/legal/undocs.html

REFWORLD (UNHCR)

http://www.unicc.org/unhcrcdr

gopher://unicc.org:70/11/unhcrcdr

Contains information on refugees worldwide.

Organizes information under five main menus: Bibliographic, Country, High Commissioner's Speeches, Legal, and UNHCR. REFINT (International Instruments) under the Legal menu contains texts of multilateral treaties and conventions concerning refugees, asylum, stateless persons and human rights; reservations and declarations; and States parties. REFWORLD is updated daily.

RELIEFWEB (United Nations Dept. of Humanitarian Affairs)

http://gatekeeper.unicc.org/~relief/

ReliefWeb is a prototype resource managed by the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs designed to augment humanitarian crisis early warning, contingency planning, response, and recovery by enhancing information sharing within the larger humanitarian community. The current purview includes Angola, Malawi and Sudan. Also provides links to other humanitarian web sites and a map-making center (currently only Angola, Malawi, and Sudan available).

United Nations Gopher

gopher://nywork1.undp.org:70/

Official gopher of the United Nations. Provides access to the full-text of U.N. documents, U.N. press releases from various organs, United Nations Development Programme documents, U.N. telephone directories, U.N. Conference on Environment & Development reports, U.N. resolutions, conference documents and much more.

UN Treaty Data Base

http://www.un.org/Depts/Treaty

The UN Treaty Data Base will eventually consist of two major documents. The Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General which contains the detailed status of over 470 multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary General, and the U.N. Treaty Series which consists of over 40,000 treaties registered with the Secretariat. At present, only the Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General (as of December 31, 1995) is available.

3. General Human Rights Discussion Lists

HUMANRIGHTS-L@lawlib.wuacc.edu (International Human Rights Law List)

Send the following message to listserv@lawlib.wuacc.edu:

Subscribe humanrights-L <your name>.

2. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force Jan. 3, 1976.

A. Status

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section A.

B. Reservations, Declarations, and Objections

[26 pp., April 14, 1993. Lists the states that have signed, ratified, or acceded to the convention; provides the full text of the declarations, reservations, and objections; and provides notification of withdrawals of reservations, and objections to reservations and declarations.]

C. Status of Reports

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section C.

D. Decisions, Jurisprudence, and Reports

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. E/[year]/[#] and E/C.12/[year]/[#] ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Contains draft decisions recommended for adoption, submission and consideration of reports by States parties, and several annexes (e.g., Report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. E/1994/23 and E/C.12/1993/19 (1994)).]

International Human Rights Instruments, Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 (1994).

[107 pp., July 29, 1995. Compilation of the general comments adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.]

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties Under Articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/[year]/[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by the States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Uruguay: U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1994/3 (1994)).]

E. Rules of Procedure and Guidelines

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Rules of Procedure of the Committee, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1990/4/Rev.1 (1994).

[16 pp., September 1, 1993, Contains information on the Committee sessions, distribution of reports and other official documents, the conduct of business, and functions of the Committee.]

[22 pp., June 17, 1991. Guidelines to be followed by States parties in preparation of the initial reports.]

F. Commentaries

1. Books

Philip Alston, Making and Breaking Human Rights: the UN's Specialized Agencies and Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1979).

[London: Anti-Slavery Society; La Crosse, Wis: National Association of Interdisciplinary Ethnic Studies, 44 pp.]

Matthew C.R. Craven, The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Perspective on its Development (1995).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press; NY: Oxford University Press, 413 pp.]

Economic and Social Rights and the Rights to Health: an Interdisciplinary discussion held at harvard law school in September, 1993 (1995).

[Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, 56 pp.]

Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Textbook (Asbjorn Eide et al., 1995).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 506 pp.]

Guide to Interpretation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (Louis B. Sohn ed., 1994).

[Irvington, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2 vols.]

Scott Leckie, Towards an International Convention on Housing Rights: Options at Habitat II (1994).

[Washington, DC: American Society of International Law, 112 pp.]

Scott Leckie, When Push Comes to Shove: Forced Evictions and Human Rights (1995).

[Mexico; Utrecht, Netherlands: Habitat International Coalition, 139 pp.]

Ian Martin, The New World Order: Opportunity or Threat for Human Rights (1993).

[Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, 24 pp.]

Glenn A. Mower, International Cooperation for Social Justice: Global and Regional Protection of Economic/Social Rights (1985).

[Westport, Conn: Greenwood Pr., 271 pp.]

The Right to Food (Philip Alston et al. eds., 1984).

[Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub.; SIM Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, 228 pp.]

Louis B. Sohn, The Human Rights Movement: From Roosevelt's Four Freedoms to the interdependence of Peace, Development and Human Rights (1995).

[Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, 31 pp.]

The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal (Philip Alston, "Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights," chapter 12) (Philip Alston ed., 1992).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press, 765 pp.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Right to Adequate food as a Human Right (1989).

[New York: United Nations, 73 pp., Human Rights Study Series No. 1, U.N. Sales No. E.89.XIV.2.]

2. Articles

Philip Alston and Gerard Quinn, The Nature and Scope of States Parties' Obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 9 Hum. Rts. Q. 156 (1987).

Philip Alston, The United Nations' Specialized Agencies and Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 18 Col. J. Trans. L. 79 (1979).

Philip Alston, U.S. Ratification of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The Need for an Entirely New Strategy, 84 Am. J. Int'l. L. 365 (1990).

Robert L. Bard, The Right to Food (Symposium: International Law and World Hunger), 70 Iowa L. Rev. 1279 (1985).

Sherri Burr, Health, Human Rights and International Law, 82 Am. Soc'y Int'l L. Proc. 122 (1988).

Audrey R. Chapman, Monitoring Women's Right to Health Under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 44 Am. L. Rev. 1157 (1995).

Asbjorn Eide, Realization of Social and Economic Rights and the Minimum Threshold Approach, 10 Hum. Rts. L.J. 35 (1989).

Manouchehr Ganji, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Problems, Policies, Progress, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1131/Rev.1 (1975).

Scott Leckie, An Overview and Appraisal of the Fifth Session of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 13 Hum. Rts. Q. 545 (1991).

Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Symposium: The Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), 9 Hum. Rts. Q. 122 (1987).

Dennis McElwee, Human Rights and Access to Health Care: Comparison of Domestic and International Law and Systems Implications for New Medical Technologies in Time of Crisis, 20 Dev. J. Int'l. L. & Pol'y 167 (1991).

Winston P. Nagan, The Politics of Ratification: The Potential for United States Adoption and Enforcement of the Convention Against Torture, the Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 20 Ga. J. Int'l. & Comp. L. 311 (1990).

Joseph Oloka-Onyango, Beyond the Rhetoric: Reinventing the Struggle for Economic and Social Rights in Africa, 27 Cal. W. Int'l. L.J. 1 1995).

Penny Overby, The Right to Food (Issues in International Human Rights), 54 Sask. L. Rev. 19 (1990).

James C.N. Paul, The Relationship of Political Human Rights to the Hunger Problem (World Food Day and Law Conference: "The Legal Faces of the Hunger Problem"), 30 How. L.J. 413 (1987).

Robert E. Robinson, Measuring State Compliance with the Obligation to Devote the 'Maximum Available Resources' to Realizing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 Hum. Rts. Q. 693 (1994).

Rajindar Sachar, Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Adequate Housing, The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The Right to Housing, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1995/12 (1995).

Barbara Starke, Urban Despair and Nietzsche's 'Eternal Return:' From the Municipal Rhetoric of Economic Justice to the International Law of Economic Rights, 28 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 185 (1995).

Katarina Tomaevski, Human Rights: The Right to Food (Symposium: International Law and World Hunger) 70 Iowa L. Rev. 1321 (1985).

Danilo Türk, Special Rapporteur of the Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Final Report, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/16 (1992).

Alfred P. Can Huyck, Shelter in Developing Countries (Confronting the Challenge of Realizing Human Rights Now), 34 How. L.J. 65 (1991).

Connie de la Vega, Protecting Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 15 Whittier L. Rev. 471 (1994).

David Weissbrodt, United States Ratification of the Human Rights Covenants, 63 Minn. L. Rev. 35 (1978).

Willard Wirtz, Human Rights and Responsibilities at the Workplace, 28 San Diego L. Rev. 159 (1991).

G. Practice Guides

Forced Evictions & Human Rights: A Manual for Action (1993).

[Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 58 pp.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1991).

[Geneva; New York: Centre for Human Rights, 21 pp., Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 16.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, The Human Right to Adequate Housing (1993)

[Geneva; New York: Centre for Human Rights, 51 pp., Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 21.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, United Nations Action in the Field of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/2/Rev.4 at 25, 44, and 131; U.N. Sales No. E.94.XIV.11 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 417 pp.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights/UNITAR, Manual on Human Rights Reporting Under Six Major International Human Rights Instruments, U.N. Doc. HR/PUB/91/1 at 39, U.N. Sales No. E.91.XIV.1 (1991).

[New York: U.N., 203 pp.]

H. Materials Available Through Electronic Formats

1. Related Materials through Web Sites

ILO-CIS Home Page

http://turva.me.tut.fi/cis/home.html

Contains mostly items related to occupational safety and health. Includes ILO conventions and recommendation regarding occupational safety and health as well as ILO publications.

ILO Experimental Home Page

http://turva.me.tut.fi/cis/homenew2.html

Contains links to ILO publications, the international training centre, and LABORDOC -- ILO's Library Database. At this time the training centre and LABORDOC are not available.

World Bank Home Page

http://www.worldbank.org

Contains press releases, current events, bank news, country/project information, publications, research studies, and more.

2. Related CD-ROM Products

LABORLEX-ILOLEX (ILO).

Trilingual database (English, French, and Spanish) includes ILO conventions, ILO recommendations, the Annual Report of the Conference Committee on the Application of Standards (1987-present), Comments of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (1987-present), the Triennial Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association (1985-present), ratification lists by convention and by country, the ILO Constitution, and the reports of committees and commissions established under Constitution Articles 24 and 26 to investigate complaints and representations. Available soon through the Internet. See ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography.

LABORLEX-NATLEX (ILO).

Full-text of labor and social security legislation and related human rights information. Available on CD-ROM and soon through the Internet. NATLEX will assume the functions that were previously carried out by the Legislative Series and Labour Law Documents. See ELECTRONIC SOURCES section of this bibliography.

3. General Human Rights Gopher and Web Sites

University of Minnesota Human Rights Library

http://www.umn.edu/humanrts/

Provides the full text of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as well as other international instruments, links to related Internet sites, general comments by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and other human rights information.

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section I.2.

4. General Human Rights Discussion Lists

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section I.3.

3. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, G.A. res. 2106 (XX), Annex, 20 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No.14) at 47, U.N. Doc. A/6014 (1966), 660 U.N.T.S. 195, entered into force Jan.4, 1969.

A. Status

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section A.

U.N., Elimination of Racism and Racial Discrimination. Status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, U.N. Doc. A/49/403 (1994).

[10 pp., September 20, 1994. Contains list of States parties, entry into force dates, and states that have made declarations under Art. 14, paragraph 1.]

B. Reservations, Declarations, and Objections

[47 pp., June 25, 1993. Lists the states that have signed, ratified, or acceded to the convention; provides the full text of the declarations, reservations, and objections; and provides notification of withdrawals of reservations, and objections to reservations and declarations.]

C. Status of Reports

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section C.

D. Decisions, Jurisprudence, and Reports

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Report of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, [session no.] U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 18), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/18 ([year)).

[New York: U.N. Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Contains consideration of reports, decisions, opinions, status information, and summary of activities of the Committee (e.g., Report of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 49 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 18), U.N. Doc. A/49/18 (1995).]

International Human Rights Instruments, Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 (1994).[107 pp., July 29, 1995. Compilation of the general recommendations adopted by the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.]

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/[#] ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by the States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Sri Lanka: U.N. Doc. CERD/C/234/Add.1 (1994), 13 pp., September 13, 1994).]

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Decisions, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of initial submission] ([year]).

[Decisions are admissibility determinations of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 5/1994, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/46/D/5/1994 (1995)).]

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Opinions, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/[#]/D/[#]/[year of submission] ([year]).

[Opinions are determinations by the Committee on the merits of individual complaints (e.g., Communication No. 3/1991, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/44/D/3/1991 (1994)).]

E. Rules of Procedure and Guidelines

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Rules of Procedure of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/35/Rev.3 (1986).

[New York: U.N., 1986, 219 pp. Contains information on the Committee sessions, distribution of reports and other official documents, the conduct of business, and functions of the Committee.]

[8 pp., December 6, 1983. Guidelines to be followed by States parties in preparation of the initial reports.]

F. Commentaries

1. Books

Natan Lerner, The U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination. A Commentary (2nd ed. 1980).

[Leiden, Sijthoff, 259 pp.]

The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal (Karl Joseph Partsch, "The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination," chapter 9) (Philip Alston ed., 1992).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press, 765 pp.]

2. Articles

Thomas Buergenthal, Implementing the UN Racial Convention, 12 Tex. Int'l. L. J. 187 (1977).

Michael A.G. Korengold, Lessons Confronting Racist Speech: Good Intentions, Bad Results, and Article 4(a) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 77 Minn. L. Rev. 719 (1993).

Drew Mahalic & Joan Gambee Mahalic, The Limitation Provisions of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 9 Hum. Rts. Q. 74 (1987).

Theodor Meron, The Meaning and Reach of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 79 Am. J. Int'l. L. 283 (1985).

G. Practice Guides

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1991).

[Geneva; New York: Centre for Human Rights, 31 pp., Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 12.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, United Nations Action in the Field of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/2/Rev.4 at 24, 47, 152, and 317; U.N. Sales No. E.94.XIV.11 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 417 pp.,]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights/UNITAR, Manual on Human Rights Reporting Under Six Major International Human Rights Instruments, U.N. Doc. HR/PUB/91/1 at 127, U.N. Sales No. E.91.XIV.1 (1991).

[New York: U.N., 203 pp.]

Leo Zwaak, International Human Rights Procedures: Petitioning the ECHR, CCPR and CERD (1991).

[Nijmagan, Netherlands: Ars Aequi Libri, 168 pp.].

H. Materials Available Through Electronic Formats

1. General Human Rights Gopher and Web Sites

University of Minnesota Human Rights Library

http://www.umn.edu/humanrts/

Provides the full text of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination as well as other international instruments, general recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, links to related Internet sites, and other human rights information.

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section I.2.

2. General Human Rights Discussion Lists

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section I.3.

4. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, G.A. res. 34/180, 34 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 46) at 193, U.N. Doc. A/34/46 (1979), 1249 U.N.T.S. 13, entered into force Sept. 3, 1981.

A. Status

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section A.

B. Reservations, Declarations, and Objections

[54 pp., October 25, 1993. Contains list of states which have signed, ratified, or acceded to the convention, full text of declarations and reservations, withdrawal of reservations, and objections to reservations and declarations.]

C. Status of Reports

See the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, section C.

D. Decisions, Jurisprudence, and Reports

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, [session no.] GAOR Supp. (No. 38), U.N. Doc. A/[session no.]/38 ([year]).

[New York: U.N. Annual report of the Committee to the General Assembly. Contains conclusions and recommendations adopted by the Committee, reports by States parties, parties ratified, overview of the activities of the Committee, as well as several annexes including a list of ratifications and status of submission of reports (e.g., Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, 50 GAOR Supp. (No.38), U.N. Doc. A/50/38 (1995)).]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. The Work of CEDAW: Reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Vol. 1, 1982-1985, Vol.2 1986-1987, U.N. Doc. ST/CSDHA/5 (1989), U.N. Sales No. E.89.IV.4.

[New York: U.N., 752 pp. Contains reports of the Committee and the summary records.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Consideration of Reports Submitted by the States Parties, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/[country abbrev.]/SP.1 ([year]).

[Concluding observations of the Committee for each report submitted by the States parties. The U.N. symbol will vary depending on the country (e.g., for Croatia: U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/CRO/SP.1 (1994)).]

International Human Rights Instruments, Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 (1994).

[107 pp., July 29, 1995. Compilation of the general recommendations adopted by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.]

E. Legislative History ("Travaux Préparatoires")

Lars Adam Rehof, Guide to the "Travaux Préparatoires" of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1993).

[Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 385 pp.]

F. Rules of Procedure and Guidelines

[4 pp., April 13, 1982. Contains information on the Committee sessions, distribution of reports and other official documents, the conduct of business, and functions of the Committee.]

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Guidelines Regarding the Form and Contents of Initial Reports of States Parties, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/7/Rev.1 (1995).

[3 pp., February 3, 1995. Guidelines to be followed in preparation of the initial reports of States parties.]

G. Commentaries

1. Books and Serials

Cedaw Reports ( 1987- ).

[Minneapolis, MN: International Women's Rights Action Watch, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.]

Rebecca J. Cook, Women's Health and Human Rights: The Promotion and Protection of Women's health through International Human Rights Law (1994).

[Geneva: World Health Organization, 62 pp.]

Marsha A. Freeman, Human Rights in the Family: Issues and Recommendation for Implementation; Articles 9, 15 and 16 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Discrimination Against Women (1993)

[Minneapolis, MN: International Women's Rights Action Watch, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, 25 pp.]

Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives (Rebecca J. Cook, ed., 1994).

[Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 634 pp.]

Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Project, The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights (1995).

[New York: Human Rights Watch, 458 pp.]

Eschel M. Rhoodie, Discrimination Against Women: A Global Survey of the Economic, Educational, Social and Political Status of Women (1989).

[Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 618 pp.]

A Thematic Guide to Documents on the Human Rights of Women (Gudmundur Alfredsson & Katarina Tomaevski eds., 1995).

[The Hague; Boston; London: Martinus Nijhoff Pub., 434 pp. The Raoul Wallenberg Institute Human Rights Guides, vol. 1.]

The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal (Roberta Jackson, "The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women," chapter 11) (Philip Alston ed., 1992).

[Oxford: Clarendon Press, 765 pp.]

The Women's Watch (1987- ).

[Minneapolis, MN: International Women's Rights Action Watch, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.]

2. Articles

Andrew C. Byrnes, The 'Other' Human Rights Treaty Body: The Work of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, 14 Yale J. Int'l. L. 1 (1989).

Michael J. Cobera, The Women's Convention and the Equal Protection Clause, 26 St. Mary's L.J. 755 (1995).

Rebecca J. Cook, International Protection of Women's Reproductive Rights, 24 N.Y.U. J. Int'l. L. & Pol. 645 (1992).

Rebecca J. Cook, Reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 30 Va. J. Int'l. L. 643 (1990).

Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Conference on the International Protection of Reproductive Rights), 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1419 (1995).

Alan Goldfarb, A Kenyan Wife's Right to Bury her Husband: Applying the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 14 ILSA J. Int'l. L. 1 (1990).

Joseph Oloka-Onyango and Sylvia Tamale, The Personal is Political, or Why Women's Rights are Indeed Human Rights: An African Perspective on International Feminism, 17 Hum. Rts. Q. 691 (1995).

Lisa C. Stratton, The Right to Have Rights: Gender Discrimination in Nationality Laws, 77 Minn. L. Rev. 195 (1992).

Sarah C. Zearfoss, Note, The Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Against Women: Radical, Reasonable, or Reactionary?, 12 Mich. J. Int'l. L. 903 (1991).

H. Practice Guides

Stephen L. Isaacs, Assessing the Status of Women: A Guide to Reporting Using the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1988).

[New York: International Women's Rights Action Watch, 44 pp.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, Discrimination Against Women: The Convention and the Committee (1994).

[Geneva; New York: Centre for Human Rights, 71 pp., Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 22.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights, United Nations Action in the Field of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. ST/HR/2/Rev.4 at 25, 52, 198; U.N. Sales No. E.94.XIV.11 (1994).

[New York: U.N., 417 pp.]

U.N. Centre for Human Rights/UNITAR, Manual on Human Rights Reporting Under Six Major International Human Rights Instruments, U.N. Doc. HR/PUB/91/1 at 153; U.N. Sales No. E.91.XIV.1 (1991).

[New York: United Nations, 203 pp.]

Women's Rights in the UN: A manual on how the UN human rights mechanisms can protect women's rights (1995).

[Geneva: International Service for Human Rights, 69 pp.]

I. Bibliographies and Research Guides

Rebecca J. Cook, Women's International Human Rights: A Bibliography, 24 N.Y.U. J. Int'l. L. & Pol. 857 (1992).

Rebecca J. Cook & Valarie L. Oosterveld, A Select Bibliography of Women's Rights, 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995).

Diana Vincent-Daviss, Human Rights Law: A Research Guide to the Literature, "Rights of Women," http://www.law.uc.edu/Diana/bib/Womensrights.html. At her death, Diana Vincent-Daviss had completed a large part of a first draft of an updated version of her human rights bibliography. This version will be updated and enhanced, with the assistance of the Project DIANA Advisory Board, and placed in the DIANA database on the Internet.

J. Materials Available Through Electronic Formats

1. Specific Gopher and Web Sites

There are many sites about women on the Internet, most of the sites listed below will provide links to other useful resources on women's issues and feminism.

WomensNet - Women's Equality, Beijing

gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org/11/women

WomensNet provides networking and information resources to enhance women's involvement before, during and after the Fourth World Conference on Women. These resources include: over 5 electronic conferences related to the U.N. World Conference on Women (UNWCW) including the official U.N. documents in three languages, NGO information, and general planning around UNWCW. Also contains links to other sources of women's information on the Internet.

See other Institute for Global Communications (IGC) sites:

http://www.igc.apc.org/beijing/

Information specifically about the conference.

http://www.womensnet.apc.org/womensnet

Lots of information about the conference, other IGC resources, and links to other sites.

Women and the Law (under construction)